To drive the transition to a biobased society, several critical research questions must be addressed:
 

• What products, services, and concepts have most potential in the market and can be developed and tested in an early stage with companies, policymakers, citizens, and consumers?
• How can different stakeholders across sectors be engaged to collaborate most efficiently towards the sustainability goals of the biobased society?
• Which type of circular and industrial ecology business models and innovations can create and capture value and have the potential for scalability?
• How are innovations and ideas on circularity in a biobased society perceived and understood, and how can they be communicated to value chain actors, such as producers and processors, citizens, and consumers?
• Which role can learning and education of food systems and complex systems thinking play in improving stakeholder collaboration for and societal acceptance of a biobased society?  How do we implement well-designed and proven interventions to support this learning?